Psychology History
Dualism- seeing mind and body as two different things that interact
Hippocrates-
- Greek physiologist that thought mind or soul resided in brain.
- He believed that it was not composed of a physical substance
Plato- who we are and what we know are innate
Aristotle- who we are and what we know are acquired from experience
Monism- seeing mind and different aspects of the same thing
John Locke- Knowledge comes from observation, what we know comes from experience.
Rene Descartes- what we know is innate
Nature: certain elementary ideas are innate to the human mind; not gained through experience. Men are born, not made
Nurture: Anything that we know, we have learned through experience.
Birth of Psychology
Wilheim Wundt- 1879 University of Leipzig
- Psychology’s first experiment, birth of science
- Established first psychology lab
- Introspection (looking inward)
Edward Titchener
Structuralism
- Wundt, Titchener, Hall(founder and first president of APA)
- Uses introspection to explore structural elements of the mind.
- Break down mental processes into most basic part
Functionalism
- Reaction to structuralism
- Sought to explain how our mental and behavioral processes function
- William James (influenced by Darwin)
7 Perspectives
Biological-
- Interaction between anatomy(brain/nervous system) and behavior
Behavioral-
- determined by your environment and experience not genetics
Watson, skinner, Pavlov (Key People)
Cognitive-
- thinking (Jean Piaget)
Evolutionary-
- behavior best explained by the way we adapt for survival
Humanistic-
- Freewill, importance of feelings, love, and acceptance, environmental influence; be yourself
- Key people: Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers
Sociocultural-
- behavior and feelings dictated by culture you live in
Psychoanalytic/Psychodynamic-
- Interaction between conscious and unconscious behavior
- Stresses importance of childhood experiences
- Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, Alfred Adler
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